{"id":7027,"date":"2015-04-20T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-04-21T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frenchdistrict.com\/chicago\/articles\/bieres-pressions-americaine-etats-unis\/"},"modified":"2020-07-07T12:16:39","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T17:16:39","slug":"bieres-pressions-americaine-etats-unis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frenchdistrict.com\/chicago\/articles\/bieres-pressions-americaine-etats-unis\/","title":{"rendered":"Un panach\u00e9 des bi\u00e8res aux \u00c9tats-Unis"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Bi\u00e8re, ne lui jetez pas la pierre<\/h2>\n<p>Le cousin \u00e9loign\u00e9 de votre voisin irlandais vous le r\u00e9p\u00e8te \u00e0 chaque ap\u00e9ro : la <strong>bi\u00e8re<\/strong>, c\u2019est bon pour la sant\u00e9. Il ne vous en faut pas plus pour recommander une <strong>pinte<\/strong> en Happy Hour et poser votre journ\u00e9e pour la St Patrick.<\/p>\n\r\n\t<div class=\"sponsor__article sponsor__article--left\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"inner\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sponsor__by\">Pr&eacute;sent&eacute; par...<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepanierfrancais.com\/?tracking=frenchdistrict\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sponsor__illus\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/frenchdistrict.com\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/10\/panier-francais-produits-epicerie-etats-unis-750-380x135.gif\" alt=\"Le panier fran\u00e7ais &#8211; banner\" \/><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sponsor__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sponsor__title\">Le panier fran\u00e7ais &#8211; banner<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sponsor__slogan\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vce-button vce-button--small\" style=\"background-color: #444444;\"><i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&nbsp;<\/i>Le panier fran\u00e7ais &#8211; banner<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>Les Am\u00e9ricains en sont convaincus, et ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 hiss\u00e9 cette <strong>boisson<\/strong> issue de la fermentation de malt, d\u2019eau et de houblon, au rang d\u2019Hydromel Supr\u00eame. Ce march\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente 246,5 milliards de dollars pour un an, plus de 2 millions d\u2019emplois (environ la population de la Slov\u00e9nie) et 850 millions de dollars d\u00e9pens\u00e9s en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<h2>A la gloire de ma Bi\u00e8re<\/h2>\n<h3>Il \u00e9tait une fois une gorg\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<p>Les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 la base de l\u2019alimentation des peuples de M\u00e9sopotamie, en 8,000 avant J.-C., aussi est-on en mesure de se demander si la bi\u00e8re ne faisait pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 partie du quotidien \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>Les premi\u00e8res preuves d\u2019existence remontent \u00e0 4 mill\u00e9naires avant J.-C., avec la boisson appel\u00e9e \u00ab<em> sikaru<\/em> \u00bb, ou pain liquide, compos\u00e9e de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales cuisin\u00e9es et laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 tremper dans l\u2019eau avant de les assaisonner d\u2019\u00e9pices diverses. \u00c7a ne tenait pas au corps comme une bonne miche, mais \u00e7a s\u00e9duisait suffisamment les locaux pour qu\u2019ils en boivent tous les jours.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019<em>American Beer<\/em>, ses grands d\u00e9buts et sa grande pause<\/h3>\n<p>Aux Etats-Unis, la <strong>bi\u00e8re<\/strong> est arriv\u00e9e au tout d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1600, directement d\u2019Angleterre \u2013 m\u00eame si les Indiens d\u2019Am\u00e9rique fabriquaient leur propre bi\u00e8re au ma\u00efs bien avant cela. En 1612, la premi\u00e8re <strong>brasserie<\/strong> ouvrait \u00e0 Manhattan, et l\u2019\u00e2ge moderne de la boisson dor\u00e9e d\u00e9bute vers le XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, avant d\u2019\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9 net avec la Prohibition.<\/p>\n<p>En 1919, le 18\u00e8me Amendement entrait en vigueur, interdisant la production, vente et consommation d\u2019<strong>alcool<\/strong>. Les brasseries connurent une p\u00e9riode des plus obscures, et elles tentaient tant bien que mal de satisfaire ill\u00e9galement leurs clients lorsqu\u2019elles ne produisaient pas de boissons non alcoolis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>La bi\u00e8re est m\u00eame officiellement c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le 7 avril tous les ans, et ce depuis 1933. C\u2019est en ce jour pr\u00e9cis et m\u00e9morable que le Cullen-Harrison Act sign\u00e9 par Roosevelt est entr\u00e9 en vigueur, autorisant l\u2019achat, la vente, et surtout la consommation de <strong>boissons alcoolis\u00e9es<\/strong> (inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 3,2%).<\/p>\n<p>La Prohibition \u00e9tait bel et bien termin\u00e9e, et les <strong>Am\u00e9ricains<\/strong> se sont empress\u00e9s de f\u00eater \u00e7a : plus de 1,5 millions de barils de bi\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consomm\u00e9s ce jour-l\u00e0. A votre sant\u00e9 !<\/p>\n<h3>La bi\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine, aujourd\u2019hui<\/h3>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est que vers les ann\u00e9es 1980 que la <strong>bi\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine<\/strong> s\u2019est affirm\u00e9e ; Suite \u00e0 la Prohibition, seuls les brasseries \u00e9normes faisaient tourner le march\u00e9, et les t\u00eates.<\/p>\n<p>De plus en plus de \u00ab<em> breweries<\/em> \u00bb et \u00ab <em>micro breweries<\/em> \u00bb \u00e9closent un peu partout sur le territoire, fabriquant des bi\u00e8res aux go\u00fbts et aux caract\u00e8res prononc\u00e9s. La culture de la bi\u00e8re aux <strong>Etats-Unis<\/strong> \u00e9tait bien repartie.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u2019est quoi qu\u2019on boit en Am\u00e9rique ?<\/h2>\n<p>Voici un panach\u00e9 (tant attendu) des principales<strong> bi\u00e8res<\/strong> vues aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n<h3>Les Ales<\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019une des 2 grandes familles, les ales sont des <strong>bi\u00e8res \u00e0 fermentation haute<\/strong>, et se d\u00e9clinent en diff\u00e9rentes couleurs et appellations, notamment :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>American Pale Ale, ou APA :<\/strong> Pale Ale souvent fruit\u00e9e et am\u00e8re ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indian Pale Ale, ou IPA :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8re anglaise, tr\u00e8s houblonn\u00e9e, aux saveurs d\u2019agrumes. Elles peuvent \u00eatre tr\u00e8s fortes et tr\u00e8s am\u00e8res si elles sont Double IPA ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pale Ale :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8re blonde, cuivr\u00e9e ou ambr\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Red Ale :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8re irlandaise, aux notes bois\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blonde Ale :<\/strong> Assez malt\u00e9e, cette bi\u00e8re a un houblon moyen ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bitter :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8re anglaise, elle est souvent am\u00e8re et tire du blond clair au roux fonc\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Les Lagers<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Bi\u00e8res \u00e0 fermentation basse<\/strong>, les Lagers sont souvent blondes ou p\u00e2les, au taux d\u2019alcool assez l\u00e9ger compar\u00e9 aux Ales.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pilsner ou Pils :<\/strong> Souvent blondes et s\u00e8ches, avec des ar\u00f4mes fleuris ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bock :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8res allemandes, souvent assez fortes en alcool mais au go\u00fbt assez peu prononc\u00e9 ; les Eisbock, sont tr\u00e8s fortes en alcool, souvent 10 \u2013 14\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>American Standard :<\/strong> Bi\u00e8res am\u00e9ricaines au go\u00fbt faible, et l\u00e9g\u00e8rement houblonn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>American Lager :<\/strong> Une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pale Lager, tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue, comme la Budweiser ou la Coors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Menu s\u2019vous plait \u2013 Quelques bi\u00e8res qui se d\u00e9marquent<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u2019une des plus ch\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<p>La marque Sam Adams, dont vous pouvez visiter la <a href=\"http:\/\/frenchdistrict.com\/boston\/articles\/samuel-adams-brewery-brasserie-biere\/\">brasserie \u00e0 Boston<\/a>, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la <strong>Samuel Adams Utopias<\/strong>, une bi\u00e8re laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 mac\u00e9rer dans des tonneaux pendant 20 ans, pour un go\u00fbt puissant, aux notes de Cognac.<br \/>\n<strong>Prix :<\/strong> 199$ la bouteille.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019une des plus bues<\/h3>\n<p>Largement en t\u00eate, la <strong>Bud Light<\/strong> est la bi\u00e8re la plus bue aux Etats-Unis. En 2013, cette Light Lager a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendue \u00e0 plus de 294,749,300 packs, soit pour 5,946,766,000 dollars.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019une des plus import\u00e9es<\/h3>\n<p>La mexicaine <strong>Corona Extra<\/strong>, bi\u00e8re la plus vendue dans son pays d\u2019origine, avec 41,170,180 packs vendus en 2013, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 1,221,351,000 dollars. Souvent servie avec un petit quartier de lime enfonc\u00e9 dans son goulot, elle se d\u00e9guste bien fra\u00eeche, et en version light si vous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019une des plus am\u00e9ricaines<\/h3>\n<p>La <strong>Budweiser<\/strong>, 3\u00e8me plus vendue aux Etats-Unis, est un grand standard aux <strong>Etats-Unis<\/strong>. Cette bi\u00e8re tr\u00e8s l\u00e9g\u00e8re et claire \u00e9tait surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab<em> Reine des Bi\u00e8res<\/em> \u00bb dans les ann\u00e9es 1890, m\u00eame si elle n\u2019a que peu de go\u00fbt et reste assez fade.<\/p>\n<p><em>Cr\u00e9dits photos : ehow.com ; zencrumble.com<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Vous \u00eates \u00e0 la recherche de bons plans aux \u00c9tats-Unis?<br \/>\n<b>\u00c9crivez-nous!<\/b><\/h2>\n<a name=\"contactfd\" style=\"display: block;position: relative;top: -150px;visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof 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